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Due to the importance of vehicle routing for delivering a large number of orders with different restrictions in the world, various optimization methods have been studied in past researches. In this article, a number of researches of recent years have been discussed, then the proposed model is described in 3 phases with the penalty index. This model has the ability to assign orders, route vehicles and determine the number of active vehicles dynamically with the aim of minimizing the total cost of distribution. By examining valid metaheuristic models and using their strengths and weaknesses, and considering multiple limitations, a new model of "dynamic 3-phase optimization" has been designed. The main application of the proposed model is for vehicle routing problems with capacity constraints of fleet number and capacity constraints (maximum and minimum number of orders). Finally, with simulation, the outputs of the model have been analyzed in different conditions . Although the limitation of maximum and minimum capacity is added to the problem, by dynamically considering the number of vehicles and using star clustering (initiative of this research), three social, environmental and economic dimensions were improved. The time for orders to reach customers decreased by 19.3%, fuel consumption and air pollution by 14.9%, and logistics costs by 8.7%. To calculate the final value of system stability, a unique 3D fuzzy model has been used. With the sensitivity analysis, we came to the conclusion that the 3-phase dynamic optimization model has led to a 14.58% improvement in system stability.